Does Vaping Cause Lung Cancer? Vaping: Get the Facts. Protect Your Future Anne Arundel County Health Department Health experts are sounding the alarm about a serious condition linked to vaping, known as "popcorn lung" or bronchiolitis obliterans. This irreversible lung disease is caused by harmful chemicals, like diacetyl, found Popcorn lung: What is it, and who is at risk? Harvard Health Popcorn lung: how vaping could scar your lungs for life